Removing packages from linux (ubuntu)

I tried to remove the packages from maverick (Ubuntu 10.10), today..and found some good ways to do it

(A)First search the package :

The traditional way:
dpkg -l | grep partial-name-of-package-to-be-removed
Using dpkg command ....more conspicuous way
dpkg -l '*partial-name-of-package-to-be-removed*'
For example, you want to remove jdk then
dpkg -l '*jdk*'

(B)There are two ways to remove packages:

Using apt command : ...the better way...

After getting the list of packages choose the appropriate one and run following command

* To remove packages:
sudo apt-get remove package-name
* To remove packages and dependencies:
sudo apt-get autoremove package-name
* To remove packages, dependencies and configuration files:
sudo apt-get purge package-name

Using dpkg command : ...the crude way...

* To remove packages:
sudo dpkg -r package-name

* To remove packages,and configuration files:
sudo dpkg --purge package-name
* To force removal, if got dependency error(this command turns errors into warning..):
sudo dpkg --purge --force-depends package-name

What is an Open System?

I used 'Open System' term many times but today I got some time to think, in detail, about the very deep meaning of it. So here it goes...

An open system is one for which the architecture is not a secret. Just take example of TCP/IP system, which is Open. The TCP/IP protocols are same for every system. Whether its your laptop-PC using TCP/IP or your android smart-phone downloading apps from market. The architecture is same irrespective of the systems that use them. So this has many advantages, UNIX is a very good example of Open system software.